Liability and Compensation Conventions

International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 - 23/3/2001
The Convention was adopted to ensure that adequate, prompt, and effective compensation is available to persons who suffer damage caused by spills of oil, when carried as fuel in ships' bunkers.

International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS), 1996 - 3/5/1996
The Convention will make it possible for up to 250 million SDR (about US$320 million) to be paid out in compensation to victims of accidents involving HNS, such as chemicals.

Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea (PAL), 1974 - 28/4/1987
The Convention is designed to consolidate and harmonize two earlier Brussels conventions dealing with passengers and luggage and adopted in 1961 and 1967 respectively.

Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC), 1976 - 1/12/1986
The Convention The Convention covers liability of ships for two types of claims - claims for loss of life or personal injury, and property claims (such as damage to other ships, property or harbour works).

International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (FUND), 1971 - 16/10/1978
The Convention establishes a Fund for providing compensaton for oil pollution incidents beyond that provided for by the CLC Convention.

Convention relating to Civil Liability in the Field of Maritime Carriage of Nuclear Material (NUCLEAR), 1971 - 15/7/1975
In 1971 IMO, in association with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the European Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), convened a Conference which adopted a Convention to regulate liability in respect of damage arising from the maritime carriage of nuclear substances.

International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), 1969 - 29/11/1969
The Civil Liability Convention covers those who suffer oil pollution damage resulting from maritime casualties involving oil-carrying ships. The Convention places the liability for such damage on the owner of the ship from which the polluting oil escaped or was discharged.